Scientist - Clinical Research jobs in Oklahoma

Scientist - Clinical Research assumes lead role in various clinical research projects. Proposes, plans, organizes and executes experiments and research. Being a Scientist - Clinical Research secures grants and funding for research and is responsible for controlling budgets. Summarizes findings in reports and communicates results. Additionally, Scientist - Clinical Research interacts with other scientists within and outside of the organization. Provides recommendations that influence extensive clinical research activities. Requires an advanced degree. Typically reports to head of a unit/department. The Scientist - Clinical Research work is generally independent and collaborative in nature. Contributes to moderately complex aspects of a project. To be a Scientist - Clinical Research typically requires 4 -7 years of related experience. (Copyright 2024 Salary.com)

U
Research Animal Scientist
  • US Agricultural Research Service
  • El Reno, OK FULL_TIME
  • Duties

    • Direct a broad, multi-disciplinary research program that addresses highly complex, nationally-relevant problems in Southern Great Plains grazing land social-ecological systems.
    • Conduct research on projects enhancing decision-making of land managers using adaptive management to improve resiliency and reduce risk in a changing climate for the sustainable provision of ecosystem goods and services.
    • Provide animal science and forage systems leadership to the Unit with the responsibility to develop long-term objectives co-produced with stakeholders through effective two-way communications.
    • Determine the contributions of genetic and phenotypic variability of crops, forages, and livestock interacting with environmental variability for livestock production strategies.
    • Quantify mechanisms of crop-forage-livestock interactions that result in enhanced production efficiency, energy transfer, and reduced emissions for ruminant livestock for farm/ranch level operations.
    • Provide land managers with information and decision tools needed to maintain profitability and environmental sustainability, and reduce risk to livestock operations in a changing climate.

    Requirements

    Conditions of Employment

    • You must be a US Citizen or US National.
    • Males born after 12/31/1959 must be Selective Service registered or exempt.
    • Subject to satisfactory adjudication of background investigation and/or fingerprint check.
    • Direct Deposit: Per Public Law 104-134 all Federal employees are required to have federal payments made by direct deposit to their financial institution.
    • Successfully pass the E-Verify employment verification check. To learn more about E-Verify, including your rights and responsibilities, visit E-Verify at https://www.e-verify.gov/.
    • Successful completion of a three year probationary period.

    Qualifications

    Applicants must meet all qualifications and eligibility requirements by the closing date of the announcement including specialized experience and/or education, as defined below.

    Basic Requirements for Animal Science Series, 0487:
    Degree: animal science, dairy science, poultry science; or a related discipline or field of animal science that included at least 30 semester hours in the basic biological and agricultural sciences, and 20 semester hours in animal science. For animal scientist positions, at least 10 of the required 20 semester hours in animal science must have been in courses dealing with the breeding, feeding, production, and management of livestock, and the care and preparation of their products
    • For dairy scientist positions, at least 10 of the required 20 semester hours in animal science must have been in dairy science.
    • For poultry scientist positions, at least 10 of the required 20 semester hours in animal science must have been in poultry science.
    OR
    Combination of education and experience: courses equivalent to a major in the basic biological and agricultural sciences, including a minimum of 20 semester hours in appropriate animal science subjects, as described in A above, plus appropriate experience or additional education.

    Most universities offering appropriate programs confer degrees in "animal science" rather than in "animal husbandry," although some universities still confer degrees in "animal husbandry." Therefore, reference to course work in respective animal, dairy, or poultry husbandry, where applicable, may be considered synonymous with corresponding course work in animal, dairy, or poultry science.

    Additional Requirements
    In addition to meeting the basic requirements described above, applicants must also meet additional qualification requirements as stated below.

    GS-12: Applicants must demonstrate at least one full year of specialized experience equivalent to at least the GS-11 grade level in the Federal service or possess a Ph.D. or equivalent doctoral degree or possess an equivalent combination of graduate level education and experience. Graduate education must be directly related to the work of the position and must have equipped applicants with the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to do the work. Specialized experience is experience directly related to the position to be filled. The specialized experience requirements for the GS-12 level of this position are: Experience conducting research related to ruminate nutrition for grazing animals; analyzing experimental data and communicating research results through technical publications or scientific presentations; and collaborating with internal and external stakeholders.

    GS-13: Applicants must demonstrate at least one full year of specialized experience equivalent to at least the GS-12 grade level in the Federal service. Specialized experience is experience directly related to the position to be filled. The specialized experience requirements for the GS-13 level of this position are: Experience conducting research related to ruminate nutrition for grazing animals with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions; evaluating and interpreting research results; publishing research findings to peer-reviewed scientific journals; and collaborating with internal and external stakeholders in order to obtain funding and communicate research findings.

    GS-14: Applicants must demonstrate at least one full year of specialized experience equivalent to at least the GS-13 grade level in the Federal service. Specialized experience is experience directly related to the position to be filled. The specialized experience requirements for the GS-14 level of this position are: Experience planning, conducting, and leading collaborative team research program related to ruminate nutrition for grazing animals with a focus on greenhouse gas emissions; evaluating and interpreting research results; publishing research findings to peer-reviewed scientific journals; utilizing automated head chamber systems to measure enteric methane emissions; and collaborating with internal and external stakeholders in order to obtain funding and communicate research findings.

    GS-15: Applicants must demonstrate at least one full year of specialized experience equivalent to at least the GS-14 grade level in the Federal service. Specialized experience is experience directly related to the position to be filled. The specialized experience requirements for the GS-15 level of this position are: Experience managing a collaborative team research program focused on grazing land social-ecological systems; publishing independent research findings to peer-reviewed scientific journals; and interacting with producers, government agencies, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholder groups; developing new technologies and management strategies to be adopted by stakeholders; and applying for extramural funding to further project objectives.

    Experience refers to paid and unpaid experience, including volunteer work done through National Service programs (e.g., Peace Corps, AmeriCorps) and other organizations (e.g., professional; philanthropic; religious; spiritual; community, student, social). Volunteer work helps build critical competencies and can provide valuable training and experience that translates directly to paid employment. You will receive credit for all qualifying experience, including volunteer experience.

    To further support your qualifications, it is strongly recommended that you submit a one-page abstract of your MS thesis and/or Ph.D. dissertation. Failure to do so could result in loss of your consideration/referral. Also, please submit a list of names, addresses, and phone numbers of persons familiar with your stature, contributions, recognition; any honors or awards received; memberships in professional or honor societies; invitations to make presentations at scientific/technical meetings; scientific society office and committee assignments; presentations (other than invitation); and publications.

    Applicants must be available to report for duty at the time a selection is made. Selections are typically made within 30 days of the closing date of the announcement.

    Education

    Graduate Education: To be qualifying, graduate study must have been in animal, dairy, or poultry science; or in a specialized subject-matter area of science directly related to these sciences, such as feeds and feeding or nutrition, breeding, and development, physiology, or genetics, where the curriculum or pattern of training placed major emphasis on one of the recognized specialized subject-matter areas of animal, dairy, or poultry science.

    Graduate study in related disciplines or fields of science, such as agronomy, microbiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and dairy, food, or fiber technology (if it dealt with pertinent products or their production) may also be qualifying, provided the graduate work placed a sufficient amount of emphasis on one of the recognized fields or subject-matter areas of animal, dairy, or poultry science.

    Evaluation of Education: Course work in such subjects as agronomy, animal, dairy, or poultry science, biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, physiology, genetics, and biochemistry may be used to meet the general 30-semester-hour requirement in the basic biological and agricultural sciences.

    Course work in such subjects as zoology, embryology, animal breeding or genetics, physiology, biochemistry, and any phase of animal, dairy, or poultry science may be used to meet the 20-semester-hour requirement in animal science.

    Course work in animal science includes those subjects dealing with the specific kinds and classes of livestock, e.g., cattle, swine, sheep, or fur bearers, their breeding and development, nutrition, management, and utilization; and the qualities and uses of their products, e.g., meat, wool, or leather. Course work in dairy science includes those subjects dealing with the specific kinds and classes of dairy animals; their nutrition and management; the utilization of their products; and courses dealing with the establishment of lineages, various phases of a dairy operation, milk quality, etc.

    Course work in poultry science includes those subjects dealing with the kinds and classes of poultry; their breeding and development; the establishment of specific strains; their nutrition and management; the utilization of their products; and courses dealing with specific areas peculiar to poultry science, such as genetic or environmental factors, or rearrangement of cycles.

    Additional information

    • Career Transition Assistance Plan (CTAP), Reemployment Priority List (RPL), or Interagency Career Transition Assistance Plan (ICTAP): Visit the OPM website for information on how to apply as a CTAP, RPL, or ICTAP eligible. To exercise selection priority for this vacancy, CTAP/RPL/ICTAP candidates must meet the basic eligibility requirements and all selective factors. CTAP/ICTAP candidates must be rated and determined to be well qualified (or above) based on an evaluation of the competencies listed in the How You Will Be Evaluated section. When assessed through a score-based category rating method, CTAP/ICTAP applicants must receive a rating of at least 71 out of a possible 100.
    • Research scientists have open-ended promotion potential. Research accomplishments and their impact on the duties and responsibilities of positions are evaluated periodically. The grade level is limited only by the individual's demonstrated ability to perform research of recognized importance to science and technology. *Final grade level may be determined by a peer review panel.
    • Recruitment or Relocation Incentive may be authorized. Final determination to pay an incentive will be made by the hiring official at time of job offer.
    • This position may be eligible to telework up to four days per week, based upon the duties of the position. This position may also be eligible for flexible work arrangements as determined by agency policy and any applicable collective bargaining agreements.

    • Benefits

      A career with the U.S. government provides employees with a comprehensive benefits package. As a federal employee, you and your family will have access to a range of benefits that are designed to make your federal career very rewarding. Opens in a new windowLearn more about federal benefits.

      Eligibility for benefits depends on the type of position you hold and whether your position is full-time, part-time or intermittent. Contact the hiring agency for more information on the specific benefits offered.

    How You Will Be Evaluated

    You will be evaluated for this job based on how well you meet the qualifications above.

    You will be evaluated in accordance with the category rating procedure as defined in the USDA Demonstration Project Plan. Applicants who meet the basic minimum qualification requirements established for the position will be placed in the Eligible category. Eligible applicants will be further evaluated against criteria for placement in the Quality category. This evaluation is based on the level of your experience, education, and/or training as determined by your responses to the Assessment Questionnaire. Applicants with veterans' preference are listed ahead of applicants who do not have veterans' preference within each category.

    Note: If, after reviewing your resume and/or supporting documentation, a determination is made that you have inflated your qualifications and or experience, your score may be adjusted to more accurately reflect your abilities, or you may be found ineligible. Please follow all instructions carefully. Errors or omissions may affect your rating. Providing inaccurate information on Federal documents could be grounds for non-selection or disciplinary action up to including removal from the Federal service.

    Clicking the link below will present a preview of the application form; i.e. the online questionnaire. The application form link below will only provide a preview and does not initiate the application process. To initiate the online application process, click the "Apply" button to the right.

    To view the application form, visit:https://apply.usastaffing.gov/ViewQuestionnaire/12429731

    • Benefits

      A career with the U.S. government provides employees with a comprehensive benefits package. As a federal employee, you and your family will have access to a range of benefits that are designed to make your federal career very rewarding. Opens in a new windowLearn more about federal benefits.

      Eligibility for benefits depends on the type of position you hold and whether your position is full-time, part-time or intermittent. Contact the hiring agency for more information on the specific benefits offered.

    • Required Documents

      As a new or existing federal employee, you and your family may have access to a range of benefits. Your benefits depend on the type of position you have - whether you're a permanent, part-time, temporary or an intermittent employee. You may be eligible for the following benefits, however, check with your agency to make sure you're eligible under their policies.

      The following documents are required for your applicant package to be complete. Our office cannot be responsible for incompatible software, your system failure, etc. Encrypted documents will not be accepted. Failure to submit required, legible documents may result in loss of consideration.

      • Resume that includes: 1) personal information such as name, address, contact information; 2) education; 3) detailed work experience related to this position as described in the major duties including work schedule, hours worked per week, dates of employment; title, series, grade (if applicable); 4) other qualifications.
      • If education is required or you are using education to qualify, you must submit a copy of your college transcripts. An unofficial copy is sufficient with the application if it includes your name and the necessary course information; however, if you are selected, you will be required to submit official transcripts prior to entering on duty. Education must have been successfully obtained from an accredited school, college or university. If any education was completed at a foreign institute, you must submit with your application evidence that the institute was appropriately accredited by an accrediting body recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as equivalent to U.S. education standards. There are private organizations that specialize in this evaluation and a fee is normally associated with this service. For a list of private organizations that evaluate education, visit the NACES website. All transcripts must be in English or include an English translation.
      • If claiming veteran's preference, you must submit a DD214, Certificate of Release from Active Duty, which shows dates of service and discharge under honorable conditions. If currently on active duty you must submit a certification of expected discharge or release from active duty service under honorable conditions not later than 120 days after the date the certification is submitted. Veteran's preference must be verified prior to appointment. Without this documentation, you will not receive veteran's preference and your application will be evaluated based on the material(s) submitted.
      • If claiming 10-point veteran's preference you must provide the DD214 or certification requirements (see above bullet), plus the proof of entitlement of this preference as listed on the SF-15 Application for 10-point Veterans' Preference. The SF-15 should be included but is not required. Failure to submit these documents could result in the determination that there is insufficient documentation to support your claim for 10-point preference. For more information on veterans' preference visit FEDSHIREVETS.
      • Surplus or displaced employees eligible for CTAP, RPL, or ICTAP priority must provide: proof of eligibility (RIF separation notice, notice of proposed removal for declining a transfer of function or directed reassignment to another commuting area, notice of disability annuity termination), SF-50 documenting separation (as applicable), and your most recent SF-50 noting position, grade level, and duty location with your application per 5 CFR 330.

      If you are relying on your education to meet qualification requirements:

      Education must be accredited by an accrediting institution recognized by the U.S. Department of Education in order for it to be credited towards qualifications. Therefore, provide only the attendance and/or degrees from schools accredited by accrediting institutions recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.

      Failure to provide all of the required information as stated in this vacancy announcement may result in an ineligible rating or may affect the overall rating.

    • How to Apply

      Please read the entire announcement and all instructions before you begin. You must complete this application process and submit all required documents electronically by 11:59p.m. Eastern Time (ET) on the closing date of this announcement.

      Applying online is highly encouraged. We are available to assist you during business hours (normally 8:00a.m. - 4:00p.m., Monday - Friday). If applying online poses a hardship, contact the Agency Contact listed below well before the closing date for an alternate method. All hardship application packages must be complete and submitted no later than noon ET on the closing date of the announcement in order to be entered into the system prior to its closing.

      This agency provides reasonable accommodation to applicants with disabilities on a case-by-case basis; contact the Agency Contact to request this.

      To begin, click "Apply" and follow the instructions to complete the Assessment Questionnaire and attach your resume and all required documents.

      NOTE: Please verify that documents you are uploading from USAJOBs transfer into the Agency's staffing system as there is a limitation to the number of documents that can be transferred. However, once in the Agency's staffing system, you will have the opportunity to upload additional documents. Uploaded resumes must be less than 5MB and in one of the following document formats: GIF, JPG, JPEG, PNG, RTF, PDF, TXT or Word (DOC or DOCX). Do not upload Adobe Portfolio documents because they are not viewable.

      Agency contact information

      Sydney Teague

      Phone

      703-259-9455

      Email

      Sydney.teague@usda.gov

      Address

      Agricultural Research Service
      2150 Centre Avenue
      Building D, Suite 300
      Fort Collins, CO 80526
      US

      Next steps

      Your application will be reviewed to verify that you meet the eligibility and qualification requirements for the position prior to issuing referral lists to the selecting official. If further evaluation or interviews are required, you will be contacted. Log in to your USAJOBS account to check your application status.

      You must choose to turn on email notifications in your USAJOBS profile if you want to receive important email notifications that may impact your applicant experience (e.g. If you start an application and do not submit it prior to the closing date, USAJOBS will send an email reminder that the closing date is approaching and your application is in an incomplete status).

      Multiple positions may be filled from this announcement.

      Under the Fair Chance Act, agencies are not allowed to request information about an applicant's criminal history until a conditional offer of employment has been made, except as allowed for access to classified information; assignment to national security duties or positions; acceptance or retention in the armed forces; or recruitment of a Federal law enforcement officer. An applicant may submit a complaint or any other information related to an organization's alleged noncompliance with the Fair Chance Act. The complaint must be submitted within 30 calendar days of the date of the alleged noncompliance. To make a Fair Chance Act inquiry or complaint, send an email with the appropriate information to rachel.amroliwalla@usda.gov, subject line: Fair Chance Act.

    • Fair and Transparent

      The Federal hiring process is set up to be fair and transparent. Please read the following guidance.

      • Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Policy
      • Criminal history inquiries
      • Reasonable accommodation policy
      • Financial suitability
      • Selective Service
      • New employee probationary period
      • Signature and false statements
      • Privacy Act
      • Social security number request

    Required Documents

    The following documents are required for your applicant package to be complete. Our office cannot be responsible for incompatible software, your system failure, etc. Encrypted documents will not be accepted. Failure to submit required, legible documents may result in loss of consideration.

    • Resume that includes: 1) personal information such as name, address, contact information; 2) education; 3) detailed work experience related to this position as described in the major duties including work schedule, hours worked per week, dates of employment; title, series, grade (if applicable); 4) other qualifications.
    • If education is required or you are using education to qualify, you must submit a copy of your college transcripts. An unofficial copy is sufficient with the application if it includes your name and the necessary course information; however, if you are selected, you will be required to submit official transcripts prior to entering on duty. Education must have been successfully obtained from an accredited school, college or university. If any education was completed at a foreign institute, you must submit with your application evidence that the institute was appropriately accredited by an accrediting body recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as equivalent to U.S. education standards. There are private organizations that specialize in this evaluation and a fee is normally associated with this service. For a list of private organizations that evaluate education, visit the NACES website. All transcripts must be in English or include an English translation.
    • If claiming veteran's preference, you must submit a DD214, Certificate of Release from Active Duty, which shows dates of service and discharge under honorable conditions. If currently on active duty you must submit a certification of expected discharge or release from active duty service under honorable conditions not later than 120 days after the date the certification is submitted. Veteran's preference must be verified prior to appointment. Without this documentation, you will not receive veteran's preference and your application will be evaluated based on the material(s) submitted.
    • If claiming 10-point veteran's preference you must provide the DD214 or certification requirements (see above bullet), plus the proof of entitlement of this preference as listed on the SF-15 Application for 10-point Veterans' Preference. The SF-15 should be included but is not required. Failure to submit these documents could result in the determination that there is insufficient documentation to support your claim for 10-point preference. For more information on veterans' preference visit FEDSHIREVETS.
    • Surplus or displaced employees eligible for CTAP, RPL, or ICTAP priority must provide: proof of eligibility (RIF separation notice, notice of proposed removal for declining a transfer of function or directed reassignment to another commuting area, notice of disability annuity termination), SF-50 documenting separation (as applicable), and your most recent SF-50 noting position, grade level, and duty location with your application per 5 CFR 330.

    If you are relying on your education to meet qualification requirements:

    Education must be accredited by an accrediting institution recognized by the U.S. Department of Education in order for it to be credited towards qualifications. Therefore, provide only the attendance and/or degrees from schools accredited by accrediting institutions recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.

    Failure to provide all of the required information as stated in this vacancy announcement may result in an ineligible rating or may affect the overall rating.


    Help

    This job is open to

    • Career transition (CTAP, ICTAP, RPL)

      Federal employees who meet the definition of a "surplus" or "displaced" employee.

    • The public

      U.S. Citizens, Nationals or those who owe allegiance to the U.S.

  • 8 Days Ago

O
Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Innvestigator
  • Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
  • Oklahoma, OK FULL_TIME
  • Overview Founded in 1946, the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) is among the nation’s oldest, most respected independent, nonprofit biomedical research institutes. OMRF is dedicated to under...
  • 1 Month Ago

T
Clinician Scientist, Vascular Research
  • The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - School of Community Medicine
  • Tulsa, OK FULL_TIME
  • Position Title: Associate Professor or Professor, Clinician Scientist, Vascular ResearchLocation: Tulsa, OklahomaPosition Type: Regular FacultyPosition URL: apply.interfolio.com/134667 Position Descri...
  • 8 Days Ago

U
Research Animal Scientist
  • USDA
  • El Reno, OK FULL_TIME
  • Help HelpRequirementsConditions of EmploymentYou must be a US Citizen or US National.Males born after 12/31/1959 must be Selective Service registered or exempt.Subject to satisfactory adjudication of ...
  • 9 Days Ago

U
Research Physical Scientist
  • US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Norman, OK FULL_TIME
  • Duties As a Research Physical Scientist, you will perform the following duties: Lead and conduct basic and applied research that capitalizes on the unique capabilities of dual-polarization conventiona...
  • 10 Days Ago

I
Research & Development (R&D) Scientist I
  • Iowa Valley Community College District
  • Oklahoma, OK FULL_TIME
  • R&D Scientist IPosition Summary...Join a company where you can make a difference from day one and help make the world a better and safer place. ARL Bio Pharma provides analytical and microbiological t...
  • 4 Days Ago

A
Scientific Director, Clinical Scientist, Oncology Early Development
  • AbbVie, Inc.
  • South San Francisco, CA
  • In collaboration with a therapeutic area, the Scientific Director, Clinical Science will lead the design, conduct, analy...
  • 6/11/2024 12:00:00 AM

J
Principal Scientist, Clinical Research
  • J&J Family of Companies
  • Cincinnati, OH
  • Principal Scientist, Clinical Research - 2406190642W **Description** Johnson & Johnson, we believe health is everything....
  • 6/10/2024 12:00:00 AM

I
FEMA - Scientific Specialist (Nationwide Openings)
  • Idaho State Job Bank
  • Nampa, ID
  • FEMA - Scientific Specialist (Nationwide Openings) at CDM Smith in Nampa, Idaho, United States Job Description 27234BR R...
  • 6/9/2024 12:00:00 AM

I
FEMA - Scientific Specialist (Nationwide Openings)
  • Idaho State Job Bank
  • Idaho Falls, ID
  • FEMA - Scientific Specialist (Nationwide Openings) at CDM Smith in Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States Job Description 272...
  • 6/9/2024 12:00:00 AM

M
Principal Scientist, Clinical Research, Breast Cancer
  • Merck
  • Rahway, NJ
  • **Job Description** Our company is a global health care leader with a diversified portfolio of prescription medicines, v...
  • 6/8/2024 12:00:00 AM

M
Associate Scientist / Scientist
  • Meet
  • Thousand Oaks, CA
  • I am partnered with an exciting Biotech company out of Thousand Oaks, CA looking to grow their team with an Associate Sc...
  • 6/8/2024 12:00:00 AM

M
Senior Scientist
  • Meet
  • Ridgefield, CT
  • Our esteemed client, a leading top 20 pharmaceutical company known for its continuous growth, is seeking a Senior Scient...
  • 6/7/2024 12:00:00 AM

V
Process Development, Senior Scientific Specialist (Contract)
  • Vertex Pharmaceuticals
  • Boston, MA
  • Job Description: General Summary: Vertex is looking for a talented individual to join our team as a scientific specialis...
  • 6/7/2024 12:00:00 AM

Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,899 square miles (181,040 km2), with 68,595 square miles (177,660 km2) of land and 1,304 square miles (3,380 km2) of water. It lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas. Much of its border with Texas lies along the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, a failed continental rift. The geologic figure defi...
Source: Wikipedia (as of 04/11/2019). Read more from Wikipedia
Income Estimation for Scientist - Clinical Research jobs
$77,626 to $110,368

Scientist - Clinical Research in Savannah, GA
Most scientists choose to complete a dual degree, in both science and medicine.
January 10, 2020
Scientist - Clinical Research in Fort Wayne, IN
Natural sciences managers supervise the work of scientists, including chemists, physicists, and biologists.
February 15, 2020
Scientist - Clinical Research in Norwich, CT
Research projects may be aimed at improving manufacturing processes, advancing basic scientific knowledge, or developing new products.
December 15, 2019